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| The Shigar Microcosm Kreutzmann, Hermann |
| Main title | The Shigar Microcosm |
| Subtitle | Socio-economic Investigations in a Karakoram Oasis, Northern Areas of Pakistan |
| Author | Kreutzmann, Hermann [Hrsg.]; Schmidt, Matthias [Hrsg.]; Benz, Andreas [Hrsg.] |
| No. of Pages | X, 153 S. |
| Series | Occasional papers Geographie ; 35 |
| FU dept. or institution | Department of Earth Sciences |
| Other affiliation(s) | Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften |
| Year of publication | 2008 |
| Documents | PDF-Dokument
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| Keywords | Karakoram; Baltistan; Pakistan; Mountain Studies; Mountain Agriculture; Socio-economic Change |
| Classification (DDC) | 900 Geography and History 300 Social sciences |
| Type of document | Research report |
| Media type or format | Text |
| Abstract | |
| Table of contents | Content 1. LAND USE IN SHIGAR 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Methods and implementation 1 1.3 Results 2 1.3.1 Present state of land use in Shigar Proper 2 1.3.2 The cropping system 4 1.3.3 Spatial structure of land use 6 1.3.4 Impact of animal husbandry on livelihood 7 1.4 Conclusion 9 2. BUILT ENVIRONMENT: CHANGES IN THE SHIGAR OASIS 11 2.1 Introduction and research concept 11 2.2 Methodology 12 2.3 Built environment of Shigar 13 2.4 Construction activities in Shigar 19 2.4.1 Reasons for new constructions 21 2.4.2 Choice of settlement area 21 2.4.3 Reconstruction activities by IUCN 23 2.5 Conclusion 26 3. INFRASTRUCTURE IN SHIGAR 27 3.1 Introduction and research concept 27 3.2 Traffic infrastructure 28 3.3 Public power grid 31 3.4 Telecommunication infrastructure 32 3.5 Conclusions and recommendations 34 4. ENERGY SUPPLY IN SHIGAR: ORGANISATION AND CHALLENGES 35 4.1 Introduction and methods applied 35 4.2 Utilisation of energy resources 35 4.2.1 Sources of energy 36 4.2.2 Expenses on energy 37 4.2.3 Energy expenses and consumption related to income 39 4.2.4 Challenges of energy supply 41 4.3 Hydroelectric power plant 41 4.4 Discussion and conclusion 43 5. IRRIGATION IN SHIGAR 45 5.1 Introduction and research question 45 5.2 Methods applied 45 5.3 Results 45 5.3.1 Introduction 46 5.3.2 Physical irrigation system 47 5.3.3 Water rights documents and oral tradition 49 5.3.4 Distribution ratio and rotating system 49 5.3.5 Construction and maintenance 51 5.3.6 Financing 52 5.3.7 Disputes 52 5.3.8 Institutional structure 52 5.3.9 Changes and new findings 53 5.3.10 Challenges and recommendations 54 5.4 Conclusion 55 6. WATER MANAGEMENT: DRINKING WATER ACCESS IN SHIGAR 56 6.1 Introduction and research question 56 6.2 Methodical implementation 56 6.3 Water supply systems 57 6.3.1 General water supply system 57 6.3.2 WASEP 58 6.3.3 AKCSP 59 6.4 Public water taps 60 6.4.1 Physical condition of public water taps 60 6.4.2 Reliability of water supply 62 6.5 Private water taps 66 6.6 Other sources of drinking water 67 6.6.1 Chudongs 67 6.6.2 Irrigation canals 69 6.6.3 Bottled water 69 6.7 Water quality 70 6.7.1 Bacteriological contamination 70 6.7.2 Perceptions of the local people 71 6.8 Impacts on public health 71 6.9 Discussion and conclusions 72 7. PROPERTY RIGHTS IN SHIGAR: A GENDER-RELATED SURVEY 76 7.1 Research interest 76 7.2 Methodology 77 7.3 Findings 78 7.3.1 Legal situation and customary practices 78 7.3.2 Ownership of land and other resources 80 7.3.3 Aspects influencing the division of property 81 7.3.4 Conflicts and conflict solutions 82 7.3.5 Women’s mobility 86 7.3.6 The decision-making power 90 7.3.7 Division of labour 90 7.4 Conclusion 92 8. TRADE AND COMMERCE IN SHIGAR 95 8.1 Subject of enquiry 95 8.2 Methods 95 8.3 Branches and products 96 8.3.1 Spatial extension of the bazaar area 96 8.3.2 Different types of business 96 8.4 Market situation 99 8.5 Annual needs 100 8.6 Directions of trade 102 8.7 Development of prices 103 8.8 Social settings and working conditions 104 8.9 Conclusions 105 9. FORMAL EDUCATION IN SHIGAR 106 9.1 Introduction 106 9.2 Design and objective of the study 106 9.3 Methodology 107 9.4 Results of the field visit 108 9.4.1 General findings 108 9.4.2 Teacher-student ratio 111 9.4.3 Qualification of teachers 112 9.4.4 Availability of teacher training and refresher courses 113 9.4.5 Availability of teaching material 114 9.4.6 Teaching and learning environment 115 9.4.7 The school’s contribution to students’ nutrition and enhanced motivation 117 9.4.8 Support from government, community and parents 117 9.4.9 Drop-out rate and school persistence rate 118 9.5 The state of education in Shigar 120 9.5.1 Current status of education in Shigar 120 9.5.2 Trends of education in Shigar 123 9.5.3 Student population of Shigar 125 9.5.4 Education and occupation 126 9.5.5 Migration and absent population of Shigar 128 9.6 Conclusion 128 10. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 134 11. GLOSSARY, ABBREVIATIONS AND MEASUREMENT UNITS 141 12. ANNEX 144 Annex A 144 Annex B 145 |
| Language | English |
| Terms of use | Nutzungsbedingungen |
| Statistic | |
| Static URL | http://edocs.fu-berlin.de/docs/receive/FUDOCS_document_000000000653 |
| Created at | 16.12.2008 - 11:04:35 |
| Last changed | 19.08.2010 - 14:21:16 |
